2017理工類職稱英語(yǔ)練習(xí)
理工、尾聲、綜合是職稱英語(yǔ)考試的三個(gè)分類，為了幫助大家備考2017年職稱英語(yǔ)考試，小編分享了一些理工A級(jí)練習(xí)試題，希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助!
第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1——15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation.
A.imagination B. confirmation
C.recall D. disclosure
答案為D. revelation(揭露)– disclosure(揭露)
2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal.
A.careless B. cruel
C.strong D. hard
答案為B. brutal(殘忍的) – cruel
3. You’ll have to sprint if youwant to catch the train.
A.jump B.escape
C. run D.prepare
答案為C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑)
4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.
A. changeable B. stable
C.suitable D.adaptable
答案為A. fluid(不穩(wěn)定的) –changeable (易變的)
5. The new garment fits herperfectly.
A.haircut B. purse
C. clothes D.necklace
答案為C. garment(衣服) –clothes(衣服)
6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma.
A.fear B. joy
C. hurt D.memory
答案為C. trauma(精神上的創(chuàng)傷) – hurt(感情上的傷心或痛苦)
7. They have to build canals to irrigatethe desert.
A.decorate B. water
C.change D. visit
答案為B. irrigate(灌溉) –water(給…澆水)
8. Her overall language proficiencyremains that of a toddler.
A.disabled B. pupil
C.teenager D. baby
答案為D. toddler(學(xué)步的兒童) – baby(嬰兒)
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16——22題，每題1分，共7分)
TheGreatest of Victorian Engineers
In the hundred years up to 1860, the workof a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous socialand economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution inBritain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel,whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name justthree fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving forcebehind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted inworks which are still in use today.
The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticedwith his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At theage of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. Thisimpressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasterswhen the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(決口) occurredin 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further workwas halted.
While recovering from his injuries, Brunelentered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton.The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civilengineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor ofhis own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held andBrunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加劇) by socialunrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towerscompleted. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again,partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer.The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-knownClifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is ofSydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bearsover four million motor vehicles a year.
16. Brunel was an important airplaneengineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Brunel was involved less in railwayconstruction than in other engineering fields.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Brunelworked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Brunelwork was largely ignored by his colleagues.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Someprojects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Brunel became an apprentice with hisfather when he was very young.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. The Thames Tunnel project was moredifficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：CCBBAAC
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23——30題，每題1分，共8分)
Geothermal(地?zé)?Energy
1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions tocooler ones， the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towardsthe surface。 In this way， it transfers to the next layer of rock。 If the temperatureis high enough， some of this rock melts and forms magma(巖漿)。 The magmaascends in its turn towards the earth's surface。 It often remains well below the earth's surface， creating vast areasof hot rock。 In such regions， there are deep cracks， which allow rainwater to descend underground。 Some of the heatedrainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hotspring。 However， if this ascendinghot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可滲透的)rock， it remains trapped， forming a geothermal reservoir。 If geothermalreservoirs are close enough to the surface， they can be reached by drilling wells。 Hot water and steamshoot up the wells naturally， and can be used to produce electricity in geothermalpower plants。
2。A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stemreservoirs which produce steam but little or no water。 In these cases， the steam is pipedup directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator。 The first geothermalpower plant， constructed at Lardarello in Italy， was of this type， and is stillproducing electricity today。
3。Most currently operating geothermal power plants areeither "flash" steam plants or binary(雙重的)plants。 Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging intemperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit。 This water is passed through one or two separators wherereleased from the pressure of the underground reservoir， it"flashes" or boils into steam Again， the force of this steam provides the energy to spin theturbine and produce electricity。 The geothermal water and steam are then reinjecteddirectly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of thereservoir。 Gradually they will be reheated and can then be usedagain。
4。A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is nothot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity inbinary fluid。 The steam from this is used to power the turbines。 As in the flashsteam plant， the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir。
23.Paragraph 1_____E____
24.Paragraph 2____F_____
25.Paragraph 3____C_____
26.Paragraph 4____B_____
A. Recyclable water and steam
B. Binary plants
C. Flash steam plants
D. Generation of electricity
E. Origin of geothermal energy
F. Dry steam plants
27. A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under__B____.
28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with___C___.
29. Flash plants produce hot water through___E___.
30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be convertedinto__F____.
A. hot springs
B. impermeable rock
C. little or no water
D. turbine operator
E. one or two separators
F. the energy to turn a turbine
參考答案：EFCBBCEF
閱讀理解
第一篇Sports Star Yao Ming
IfYao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he almost certainly the tallest.At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA)and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to competein the Game.
Butwhat really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名氣). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known asYao Ming around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, notonly for his basketball prowess(接杰出的才能)but also for being a symbol of international commerce.
WhenYao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft he wasthe first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on thecourt are clear enough 一 no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is ahandful (難對(duì)付的人)foropponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to theRockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge tomillions of potential basket ball fans in China.
Whenit was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season andpossibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder spread across China. After considerabledebate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in anoperation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer hisoverburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though theestimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare withTeam China. Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.
Yaowrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process.Westernexperts are generally skeptical of TCM’s benefits, although new research from the University of Rochestersuggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulatebone repair.
“Thereis no reason to dismiss TCM, “Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It’s been used in our countryfor thousands of years. I don’t think that it’sshort on science.”
36. The word“towering”inParagraph 1 means
A. large.
B. fat.
C. tall.
D. great.
37. Opponents find it very difficult to controlYao Ming because of his
A. assault.
B. mobility.
C. defense.
D. celebrity.
38. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCMtreatments because
A. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.
B. his right foot had been hurting.
C. the surgical operation had been a failure.
D. he couldn't afford all the medicalexpenses.
39. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?
A. He is an NBA player.
B. He fractured his left foot.
C. Hemissed the Athens Olympics.
D. He is an international figure.
40. In general, the Western experts' attitudetowards TCM is
A. indifferent.
B. positive.
C. doubtful.
D. negative.
參考答案：CBACC
第二篇 Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)
TheSahel zone lies between the Saharadesert and the fertile savannahs(熱帶大草原)ofnorthern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional ,andthis is a good description of thesesemi-arid(半干旱)lands,whichoccupy much of the Western African countries of Mail,Mauritania,Niger,and Chad.
Unfortunately, over the last century theSahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land inagriculture use in Africa has deterioratedover the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recentlasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process ofdesertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desertadvances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.
One ofthe major causes of this desert advance ispoor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population.Overgrazing一 keeping too many farm animals on the land一means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water suppliesare exhausted. Overcultivation一 tryingto grow too many crops on poor land一 resultsin the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soilerosion (侵蝕) follows, and the land turns into desert.
Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cutdown for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help tobind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat forother plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry andloosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventuallythe fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock anddust.
The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. Theyare,however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainableagricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessenthe effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Malifunded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management offorest,while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的)agriculturaleconomy. This may be a model for similar projects in otherWest African countries.
35 order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.
A. making good use of international aids
B. developing a sustainableagricultural economy
C. gaining international support
D. converting agricultural land intoforest
答案：b
36.The Sahel zone is an area which ___.
A. is covered with sad and grass
B. has a long history
C. occupies much of South Nigeria
D. belongs to Sudan
答案：a
37. What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?
A. The deserts are replaced withgrasslands
B. The deserts are expanding
C. the deserts are moving northwards
D. the deserts are being deserted
答案：b
38. The word “deteriorated ” in paragraph2 means ___.
A. deepened
B. suffered
C. slipped
D. worsened
答案：d
39. What is the root causeof desertification?
A. poor farming
B. overpopulation
C. radical climate change
D. disappearance of rare plant species
答案：a
40. In order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.
A. making good use of international aids
B. developing a sustainableagricultural economy
C. gaining international support
D. converting agricultural land intoforest
答案：b
第三篇
OlderVolcanic Eruptions
Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because theywere bigger，but because the carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)theyreleased wiped out life with greater ease.
Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the linkbetween volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptionskilled off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To hissurprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage theyseemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for thesevolcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volumeof lava (熔巖) that they produced. He found that sizefor size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping outlife as their more recent rivals
The Permian (二疊紀(jì))extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size ofwestern Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10gigatonnes (十億噸) of carbon as carbon dioxide. The globalwarming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera (種類)at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity andglobal warming but no mass extindtion. Some animals did disappear but thingsreturned to normal within tens of thousands of years. "The most recentones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored theextinction which wiped out the dinosaurs (恐龍) 65million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid (小行星). Hethinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent lifeforms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.
Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France,says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard todo these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands
or millions of years. He also adds that itis difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and thatlava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.
41.Older volcanic eruptions did moredamage than more recent ones because
A. older volcanoes were brighter.
B. carbon dioxide made the earth muchwarmer
C. older volcanoes were hotter
D. carbon dioxide killed off life moreeasily
答案：d
42. Wignall calculated the killing powerof those older volcanic eruptions by
A. estimating how long they lasted
B. counting the dinosaurs they killed
C. comparing the proportion of lifekilled with the volume of lava produced
D. studying the chemical composition oflava
答案：c
43. When did dinosaurs become extinct?
A. 300 million years ago.
B. 250 million years ago
C. 65 million years ago
D. 60 million years ago
答案：c
44. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3that the cause of dinosaur extinction is_______
A. a political issue.
B. self-evident.
C. quite certain
D. controversial
答案：d
45. What is the main thesis of thearticle?
A. Volcanic eruptions are not alwaysdeadly.
B. Carbon dioxide emissions often giverise to global warming.
C. Older volcanic eruptions are moredestructive
D. It is not easy to calculate the killingpower of a volcanic eruption
答案：c
第四部分 補(bǔ)全短文
Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright
Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs.
“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, "，said Dr. Richmond.
The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time，intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.
Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University’s “ outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available，and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource.
When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.
In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available 一 even their mouths.
The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.
參考答案： BAEFC
完形填空
CellPhone Lets Your Secrets Out
Your cell phone holds secrets about you.Besides the names and numbers that you've programmed into it, ______traces____(51) of your DNA linger (遺留) on thedevice according to a new study
DNA is genetic (遺傳的)material _____that_____ (52) appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, yourDNA is _____unique______ (53) to you——unless you have an identical twin. Scientiststoday analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), orhair left ____behind_______ (54) at the scene of a crime. The results oftenhelp detectives identify ____criminals______ (55) and their victims. Your cellphone can reveal more about you ____than_____ (56) you might think.
Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMasterUniversity in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bledonto a cell phone and later dropped the____device_____ (57). This made herwonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones一evenwhen no blood was___involved_____(58). She and colleague Margaret Wallace ofthe City University of NewYork analyzed the flip-open phones(翻蓋手機(jī))of10 volunteers. They used swabs (藥簽) tocollect _____invisible___ (59) traces of the users from two parts of the phone:the outside, where the user ____holds_____(60) it, and the speaker which isplaced at the user's ear
The scientists cleaned the phones using asolution made mostly__of____(61) alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove alldetectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week.Then the researchers ___returned________ (62) the phones and cleaned each phoneonce more.
The scientists discovered DNA that _____belonged______(63) to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples werecollected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNAthat belonged to other people who had apparently also ____handed______ (64) thephone
Surprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabsthat were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests thatwashing won't remove all traces of ___evidence________ (65) from a criminal'sdevice. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch (確定)a crime-scene investigation.
51. A. name B.pictures C. shapes D. traces
答案：d
52. A. that B. while C.as D.what
答案：a
53. A. common B. good C. helpful D. unique
答案：d
54. A. behind B. away C. aside D.over
答案：a
55. A. visitors B. travelers C.scientists D.criminals
答案：d
56. A. until B. before C.unless D. than
答案：d
57. A. paper B. document C. device D.file
答案：c
58. A. checked B. involved C. tested D. gathered
答案：b
59. A. invisible B.emotional C. poisonous D. magical
答案：a
60. A. holds B. watches C. drops D. covers
答案：a
61. A. with B.by C. for D. of
答案：d
62. A. collected B. answered C. returned D. used
答案：c
63. A. moved B.changed C. belonged D.turned
答案：c
64. A bought B. repaired C.seen D. handed
答案：d
65. A. smell B. evidence C.sound D.color
答案：b
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