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怎樣做好英文Presentation
在學習與工作中,經常需要我們用英文做一些主題展示,或表達思想,或介紹經驗,或推廣品牌... ... Presentation既像演講,又不同于演講,同在于都需要良好的語言組織能力和表達溝通技巧,異在于,相比于演講的某些渲染效果,Presentation對于信息傳達的精準性和簡潔性要求更高,目的性更強,往往還會借助PPT這一媒介。因此,不論是在課堂還是工作中,能做好一個英文Presentation的能力都極為重要。
Language 語言篇
先說一點和語言不太相關的,畢竟聲音對于語言的傳達效果也有很大的影響。在做presentation時,最基本的要求是要讓觀眾聽清,特別是在背過身去時。除此之外,還要注意聲音的變化,以吸引觀眾的注意。聲音主要可以通過以下三個方面變化:
Speed語速
在講話的過程中,適當的調整語速,或者做適當的停頓可以很好的吸引觀眾。
Intonation音調
高昂和低沉的音調可以產生不同的強調效果
Volume音量
回想上課時,老師突然提高的音量是不是立刻給你提神?
接下來,咱們進入正題,談一談英文Presentation的語言
1. Simplicity and Clarity 簡潔明了
Use short words and short sentences.
雖然在寫作中老師常常鼓勵我們用長難句,但是在注重效率的presentation中,應該多用清楚明白的短句和易懂的單詞。
Do not use jargon, unless you are certain that your audience understands it.
除非你確定面向的觀眾是內行人,否則慎用行業術語。
In general, talk about concrete facts rather than abstract ideas.
總體上,多用使用具體的例子,少說抽象空洞的觀點。
Use active verbs instead of passive verbs. Active verbs are much easier to understand.
這一點大家要注意:多用主動語態,這更有利于觀眾理解。
大家比較一下下面兩個句子:
Toyota sold nine million vehicles last year.
Nine million vehicles were sold by Toyota last year.
第一句主動語態更好理解。當然,如果上述例子里發言者想要強調的是數量之大,第二個句子更合適,我們這里介紹的一般情況。
不過英語君提醒一下大家,在正規語體的寫作中,比如邀請函,會議通知,被動語態會顯得更加正式。
2. Signposting 指示語
Signpost本意是路標,這里的意思是發言者要使用特定的指示性詞語來提示觀眾講到了哪里,接下來講什么。這在presentation的語言中是非常重要的一環,可以幫助觀眾理清框架。那么,有哪些指示語呢?
首先,在開頭,要告訴觀眾演講內容的框架,可以使用這樣的句式:
I'll start by ...(A)... Then I’ll move on to ...(B)... After that I’ll consider ...(C)... Lastly I’ll quickly recap before concluding with ...(D)...
這樣,觀眾就會理出如下框架:
Beginning:
1.Welcome
2.Introduction of Structure (now)
Body
1.A
2.B
3.C
Conclusion
1.Summing up
2.D
接下來,在演講過程中,如果你想從上述的一點切換到另一點,可以用以下句式:
That's all I have to say about ...(A)... Let's turn now to ...(B)...
如果講完了全部主干內容,準備總結以上內容,可以說:
Well, we've looked at the A, B and C, I'd like to sum up now.
總結完后,想要給出結論,可以說:
What does all this mean for us? Well, I’d like to say/recommend/suggest that...
接下來,英語君為大家貼出在各種情況下常用的signpost,學起來:
Introducing the subject 介紹話題
I'd like to start by...
Let's begin by...
First of all, I'll...
Starting with...
I'll begin by...
Finishing one subject 結束話題
Well, I've told you about...
That's all I have to say about...
We've looked at...
So much for...
starting another 開啟另一話題
Now we'll move on to...
Let me turn now to...
Next...
Turning to...
I'd like now to discuss...
Let's look now at...
Analyzing a point and giving recommendations 分析觀點,給出建議
Where does that lead us?
Let's consider this in more detail...
What does this mean for ABC?
Translated into real terms...
Giving an example 舉例子
For example,...
A good example of this is...
As an illustration,...
To give you an example,...
To illustrate this point...
Dealing with questions 應對觀眾提問
We'll be examining this point in more detail later on...
I'd like to deal with this question later, if I may...
I'll come back to this question later in my talk...
Perhaps you'd like to raise this point at the end...
I won't comment on this now...
Summarizing and concluding 概括與總結
In conclusion,...
Right, let's sum up, shall we?
I'd like now to recap...
Let's summarise briefly what we've looked at...
Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered...
If I can just sum up the main points...
Ordering 列觀點
Firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...
First of all...then...next...after that...finally...
To start with...later...to finish up...
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