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GRE考試難句解讀
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1.Virginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.
弗吉尼亞。伍爾夫(Virginia Woolf)在創(chuàng)作《黛洛維夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway)時(shí)有關(guān)其創(chuàng)作意圖的這番發(fā)人深思的陳述，迄今為止一貫為文學(xué)評論家們所忽略，因?yàn)樗怀龇从沉怂T多文學(xué)興趣中某一方面，而這一方面則與人們對“詩性”小說家(poetic novelist)所形成的傳統(tǒng)見解大相徑庭。所謂的“詩性”小說家，所關(guān)注的是審視想入非非和白日夢幻的諸般狀態(tài)，并致力于追尋個體意識的通幽曲徑。
2.Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves' preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
雖然古特曼承認(rèn)，由于奴隸買賣而造成的被迫離散甚為頻繁，但他還是證明，奴隸的偏愛——在那些奴隸買賣并不頻繁的種植園上被最為顯著地揭示出來——在很大程度上側(cè)重于穩(wěn)定的一夫一妻制(monogamy)。
3.That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
那種性別比例能在最大程度上增加一個個體所能擁有的后代數(shù)量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所傳遞到后代身上去的基因復(fù)制品的數(shù)量。
4.Hardy's weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.
哈代的缺陷一方面緣起于他的某種明顯的無能，無法控制好那結(jié)不盡相同的創(chuàng)作沖動的穿梭往來;另一方面緣起于他不愿意去培養(yǎng)和維持那些富于生機(jī)活力和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)作沖動。
5.Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
古特曼人令人信服地論辨道，黑人家庭的穩(wěn)定有助于包括民間傳說、音樂、及宗教表達(dá)在內(nèi)的黑人文化遺產(chǎn)一代一代傳遞下去，因而在維持文化遺產(chǎn)方面也起著至關(guān)重要的作用，而對于這種文化遺產(chǎn)，黑奴們不斷地從其非洲和美洲的經(jīng)歷中予以豐富發(fā)展。
6.The broad language of the amendment strongly suggests that itsframers were proposing to write into the Constitution not a laundrylist of specific civil rights but a principle of equal citizen-shipthat forbids organized society from treating any individual as a memberof an inferior class.
第十四條修正案的寬泛籠統(tǒng)的語言強(qiáng)烈地暗示，其制定者所意欲載入憲法的不是一張具體民法的細(xì)目清單，而是一種平等公民權(quán)的原則，這一原則禁止有組織的社會將任何一個個人作為劣等階層的成員來對待。
7.This doctrine has broadened the application of the FourteenthAmendment to other，nonracial forms of discrimination，for while somejustices have refused to find，any legislative classification otherthan race to be constitutionally disfavored，most have been receptive toarguments that at least some nonracial discriminations. sexualDiscrimination in particular，are “suspect” and deserve thisheightened scrutiny by the courts.
所謂“懷疑分類”，意指那種在有可能被理解成以種族為基礎(chǔ)，針對某一群體進(jìn)行的歧視這一信條擴(kuò)展了第十四條修正案的適用范圍，使其同樣也適用于其它的、非種族形式的歧視。因?yàn)殡m然某些法官拒不將除種族以外的立法分類裁定為非法的，但絕大多數(shù)法官已經(jīng)接受了這樣一個論點(diǎn)，即至少某些非種族性質(zhì)的歧視，尤其是性別歧視，是“值得懷疑的”，并理應(yīng)接受法庭這種更高程度上的審視。
8.Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundariesthat associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may theentire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.
只有當(dāng)某一地質(zhì)系統(tǒng)擁有自然的或人工的界限，將該系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的水與水文循環(huán)起來，這整個系統(tǒng)方能被恰當(dāng)?shù)胤Q為與水文地質(zhì)學(xué)相關(guān)。
9.This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
古特曼表示，這種對于外部通婚的偏愛很有可能緣起于西部非洲制約著婚姻的規(guī)定，盡管這些規(guī)定在一個和另一個部落群體之間不盡相同，但都涉及到某種對近親聯(lián)姻(union with close kin)的禁止。
10.His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
該社會學(xué)家的命題當(dāng)被應(yīng)用于針對美國黑人的歧視時(shí)，相對而言尚能適用，但他對種族偏見所下的定義——即“以種族為基礎(chǔ)的、針對某個群體的消級的先入之見，而該群體在任何特定的種族競爭地區(qū)則被普遍認(rèn)作一種族”——可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對加利福尼亞州的中國人以及中世紀(jì)的猶太人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態(tài)度。
11.It has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral literarycreativity that these Chicano writers，whose English language works aresometimes uninspired，developed the powerful and arresting language thatcharacterized their Spanish-language works.
因此，一般而言，正是通過對口頭文學(xué)創(chuàng)造性的強(qiáng)調(diào)，這些奇卡諾作家——其英語作品時(shí)常顯得缺乏靈感——才得以發(fā)展一種強(qiáng)有力的和富于吸引力的語言，并以此構(gòu)成了他們西班牙語作品的特征。
12.To measure them properly，monitoring equipment would have to belaid out on a grid at intervals of at most 50 kilometers，with sensorsat each grid point lowered deep in the ocean and kept there for manymonths.
為了恰當(dāng)?shù)販y量它們，監(jiān)測設(shè)備必須被設(shè)置在一網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，彼此的間距最多為五十公里，位于每個網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的感應(yīng)器沉放至海洋深處，并在許多個月中一直固定在那里。
13.This declaration，which was echoed in the text of the FourteenthAmendment，was designed primarily to counter the Supreme Court's rulingin Dred Scott v. Sandford that Black people in the United States couldbe denied citizenship.
這一在第十四條修正案的文本中被復(fù)述的宣言，主要是旨在對抗最高法院在“Dred Scott訴Sandford”一案中的判決，此判決裁定，在美國的黑人可被剝奪公民權(quán)。
14.It has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral literarycreativity that these Chicano writers，whose English language works aresometimes uninspired，developed the powerful and arresting language thatcharacterized their Spanish-language works.
因此，一般而言，正是通過對口頭文學(xué)創(chuàng)造性的強(qiáng)調(diào)，這些奇卡諾作家——其英語作品時(shí)常顯得缺乏靈感——才得以發(fā)展一種強(qiáng)有力的和富于吸引力的語言，并以此構(gòu)成了他們西班牙語作品的特征。
15.To measure them properly，monitoring equipment would have to belaid out on a grid at intervals of at most 50 kilometers，with sensorsat each grid point lowered deep in the ocean and kept there for manymonths.
為了恰當(dāng)?shù)販y量它們，監(jiān)測設(shè)備必須被設(shè)置在一網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，彼此的間距最多為五十公里，位于每個網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的感應(yīng)器沉放至海洋深處，并在許多個月中一直固定在那里。
16.This declaration，which was echoed in the text of the FourteenthAmendment，was designed primarily to counter the Supreme Court's rulingin Dred Scott v. Sandford that Black people in the United States couldbe denied citizenship.
這一在第十四條修正案的文本中被復(fù)述的宣言，主要是旨在對抗最高法院在“Dred Scott訴Sandford”一案中的判決，此判決裁定，在美國的黑人可被剝奪公民權(quán)。
17.The broad language of the amendment strongly suggests that itsframers were proposing to write into the Constitution not a laundrylist of specific civil rights but a principle of equal citizen-shipthat forbids organized society from treating any individual as a memberof an inferior class.
第十四條修正案的寬泛籠統(tǒng)的語言強(qiáng)烈地暗示，其制定者所意欲載入憲法的不是一張具體民法的細(xì)目清單，而是一種平等公民權(quán)的原則，這一原則禁止有組織的社會將任何一個個人作為劣等階層的成員來對待。
18.This doctrine has broadened the application of the FourteenthAmendment to other，nonracial forms of discrimination，for while somejustices have refused to find，any legislative classification otherthan race to be constitutionally disfavored，most have been receptive toarguments that at least some nonracial discriminations. sexualDiscrimination in particular，are “suspect” and deserve thisheightened scrutiny by the courts.
所謂“懷疑分類”，意指那種在有可能被理解成以種族為基礎(chǔ)，針對某一群體進(jìn)行的歧視這一信條擴(kuò)展了第十四條修正案的適用范圍，使其同樣也適用于其它的、非種族形式的歧視。因?yàn)殡m然某些法官拒不將除種族以外的立法分類裁定為非法的，但絕大多數(shù)法官已經(jīng)接受了這樣一個論點(diǎn)，即至少某些非種族性質(zhì)的歧視，尤其是性別歧視，是“值得懷疑的”，并理應(yīng)接受法庭這種更高程度上的審視。
19.Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundariesthat associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may theentire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.
只有當(dāng)某一地質(zhì)系統(tǒng)擁有自然的或人工的界限，將該系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的水與水文循環(huán)起來，這整個系統(tǒng)方能被恰當(dāng)?shù)胤Q為與水文地質(zhì)學(xué)相關(guān)。
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